UN protectorates are international administrations established to govern countries or regions in crisis. Examples include the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) and United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET).

A failing state is a political body that has disintegrated to a point where basic conditions and responsibilities of a sovereign government no longer function properly. Examples include, South Sudan, Somalia and Haiti.

Environmental personhood is a legal device by which a natural resource is given rights and protections that can be enforced against private or state actors by independent trustees.

Judicial supremacy is a system where judges are empowered to strike down laws passed by the legislature that they believe are inconsistent with constitutional law (for example, with a Bill of Rights). The most famous example of judicial supremacy is the US Supreme Court.

A "national allegory" is a work (or a part of a work, like a character) that functions as a metaphor for the nature, history, or destiny of the nation. A famous example is Saleem Sinai in Salman Rushdie's Midnights Children. Born on the stroke of midnight on the eve of India's independence, Saleem's fate is tied to that of post-independence India.

Mbokodo is a Nguni term for a rock. Over the course of history, the slogan "You strike a womxn, you strike a rock" has been used to expressed the resilience and strength of womxn, eventually leading to the coining of the term mbokodo as reference to womxn. It alludes to womxn being as solid as rocks.

Armenia and Azerbaijan have been in conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh from the collapse of the USSR. They were engaged in a six-year war over the region. The conflicted area was a part of Muslim-majority Azerbaijan but mainly populated by ethnic Armenian Christians. Recently, armed violence between the two countries has escalated into full-blown conflict. Turkey has been actively involved since the escalation of the conflict in September. A peace agreement has been signed, with Azerbaijani control and significant numbers of Russian troops in the region.